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History of microelectronics technology is ultra miniaturized and micro-electronic circuits and systems developed and evolved in the course of, microelectronics, and later in World War II, due to military requirements of electronic equipment has made many fundamental concepts, and develop some useful techniques. 1947 transistor invented, and later printed circuit Assembly with powerMiniaturization of circuits in a big step forward. By 1958 had mixed success based on this component of the study component. The processing technology of integrated circuit technology through a series of specific, active devices such as transistors, diodes, and passive components such as resistors, capacitors, by-circuit interconnect, "integrated" on a semiconductor single crystal film, performs a specific circuitOr system functions. Concept technology of microelectronics technology is at the heart of high technology and information industry. Micro-electronics industry is the foundation of industry, is developing so fast, in addition to technology itself contributed to the national economy, and it also a very strong penetration of about. In addition, modern warfare will be the key technology of integrated circuits for electronic warfare and information warfare, and characteristics of high-tech warfareRace. Micro microelectronics technology is as integrated circuits, in particular of very large scale integrated circuits and developing a new technology. Microelectronics technology including systems design, device physics, technology, materials, automatic testing and a range of specialized technologies such as packaging, Assembly, micro-technology is the sum of the various technologies in microelectronics. Microelectronics technologyIs ultra miniaturized and micro-electronic circuits and systems evolved, and in the process of development, in World War II, and later, due to military requirements of electronic equipment has made many fundamental concepts, and develop some useful techniques. 1947 transistor invented, and later printed circuit Assembly with the miniaturization of electronic circuitsBig step forward. By 1958 had mixed success based on this component of the study component. Key technology of integrated circuit, is in the second half of the 50 Silicon Planar transistors technology and early metal developed on the basis of vacuum coating technology. In 1964, a magnetically bipolar integrated circuit products. 1962 production of transistor-management-Crystal logicCircuit and the emitter by logical circuits. MOS integrated circuit occurs. Because of MOS circuits highly integrated advantages and on the impact of electronic technology of integrated circuits
Rift Platinum, integrated circuit development faster and faster. 70, microelectronics technology entered the new stage of the LSI-centered. Along with the increasing density of integrated, integrated circuit is to the development of the integrated system,Road design is increasingly complex, time consuming and expensive. If not actually computer-assisted, more complex design of LSI is impossible. Since the 70 's, integrated circuit design using computer a great deal of progress. Computer aided design of plate-device simulation, circuit simulation, logic simulation, layout of wiring, such as computer-aided design programs,Study on success, and developed into a mixed, including verification, optimization algorithms, such as computer-aided design, and even the entire equipment of computer-aided design systems. Computer management of integrated circuit manufacturing, are also starting to realize. In addition, large-scale integration and rapid development of VLSI and adapted, devices related to materials science and technologies, testing, scientific and computer-assisted testingTry and clean room technology, packaging technology, and so there has been significant progress. Rapid development of electronic technology, process technology, Microfabrication techniques, such as electron beams, ion beams, and x-copy technology, such as increasingly sophisticated and dry etching technology, production in sub-micron lithography of even higher levels, integration of integrated circuits to abandon is superlarge each 106-107 element, andTo achieve full integration in the picture of a complex micro-electronic systems. High quality ultra-thin oxide layer, the new annealing technology of ion implantation and metal to its high electrical conductivity and high melting point of Silicon metal and light ohms with a series of technology is for further development. In terms of design and test technology of microelectronics technology, integration and increased complexity of the integrated system, redundancy, fault toleranceTechnology will be widely used in design and technology. Microelectronics research in microelectronics is solid (mainly semiconductors) on material composition of miniaturized circuits, circuits and electronics branch of microelectronic systems. As a subfield of electronics, it is mainly research on electron or ion movement and its application in solid material, and leverage it for signal processingScience, to achieve the system and integrated circuits for the purpose of practicality. And basic disciplines of information important in the field of microelectronics, in this area, micro-electronics is the study and realization of information acquisition, transmission, storage, processing, and output of science, is the study of information science, form the cornerstone of information science, which directly affect the development of information technology.Microelectronics development level of science and technology and industrial scale is an important symbol of economic strength of a country. Microelectronics is a comprehensive strong edge discipline, including the physics of semiconductor devices, integrated circuit technology and the design of integrated circuits and systems, testing, and many other content; related to solid state physics, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics and statistical physics, materials science, Electronic circuits, signal processing, computer-aided design, testing and processing, graph theory, chemical and other fields. Microelectronics is an extremely rapid development of the discipline, high integration, low-power, high-performance, high-reliability is the direction of development of micro-electronics. Multimedia is the direction of development of information technology (smart), networking and individual. Requires access to the system and storage mass, At very high speed, accurate and reliable multimedia information processing and transmission of this information and display useful information in a timely manner or to control. All of this can only depend on Microelectronics technology support in order to become a reality. Ultra high capacity, small, super high speed and ultra high frequency, ultra low power consumption is the endless pursuit of the goal of information technology, is the power of rapid development of microelectronics technology.Microelectronics penetration resistance, other disciplines combined with a series of new interdisciplinary. Micro electro-mechanical systems, bio-chip is the representative in this regard, and in recent years has broad application prospects for the development of new technologies. Development trend of international trends in development of microelectronics are: integrated circuit feature sizes continue to shrink, the integrated circuit (IC) development for microelectronicsSystem-on-chip (SOC). Combination of microelectronics technology and other subjects will have a lot of new disciplinary growing points, became a major economic growth in conjunction with other industries. 1999 total consumption equivalent to $ 43.6 billion of China's integrated circuit, 8.38 billion yuan in total amount of homemade chips, 0.6% of chip production in the world. Although ChinaDevelopment of electronic industry there has been a great improvement, but still very backward in comparison with the developed countries, production technology in General, or about 2 per cent of the gap. The self-sufficiency rate is low domestic demand for integrated circuits, particularly high technology products, largely rely on imports. With the development of integrated circuit technology, machine, clear boundaries between circuits, devices and components are suddenly lame, device in question,Circuit problems and the whole system is combined together, reflected in a small piece of silicon, it's among the solid state physics, electronics and device technology cross-discipline microelectronics technology. With the widespread penetration of integrated circuit technology and the extension, it will be a marginal subject more broadly. In one word: microelectronics technology is the cornerstone of the information society. Implementation lettersNetwork and its key components of income whether it is a variety of computer, communications electronic equipment, which is the basis of integrated electric GE. February 1946 year United States Mohr Institute successfully developed the first era of the electronic numerical integrator and Calculator, the foot is made up of 18,000 vacuum tubes, covers an area of 150 square meters, weighing 30 tons of Monster. Imagine thisComputer access to the offices, workshops and family? That some scientists believe that as long as 4 in the world at that time such a computer is enough, but the sauce in the world is now in the hundreds of millions, including computer. This only in 1948, scientists at Bell Labs invented the transistor (the first milestone in the development of microelectronics technology), in particular the 1958Years of Silicon Planar process development and invention of the integrated circuit (which can be thought of as the second milestone), may only occur after today's interest in integrated circuit technology based on electronic technology and industry. As the recent United States engineering technology top 20 the greatest engineering achievement in the 20th century the world 5th talked about electronic technology "from vacuum tube to the semiconductor, setCircuit has become a cornerstone of contemporary businesses intelligence work. "This is determined by its nature: social information depends on the degree of mastering, processing and application of information, integrating GE is the collection of information processing, storage, transmission in a small chip. Current development of microelectronics technology has entered the system chip (SOC-System OnChip) age. entire systems or systems can be integrated on a silicon chip. Further development, you can apply a variety of physical, chemical and biological sensors (Executive information acquisition function) and the integration in the actuators and information processing system in order to complete the information acquisition, processing, storage, transport to perform system functions, this is on a more generalized systemIntegrated chip. You can see this is micro-electronic technology and a revolutionary change. It has cells make up the human body, modern agriculture and industry, national defense, durable goods, equipment and family cell. ICS annual industrial output growth rate now 15%, technical, integration to rate 46% rate of sustainable development this afternoon, there is no industry can take on the worldSpeed of sustainable development. 1990 Japan based on integrated circuits of electronic industry production value exceeds the claims to be the first industry-of the automobile industry to become a major industry. In 2000 based on integrated circuits of electronic information industry has become the world's largest industry. Integrated circuit material except the oxygen content of the most abundant elements on Earth-silicon, a dark brown small, Looks to the naked eye. where no satisfactory, but through the innovative design and manufacture of a range of innovative technology, integrated circuit chips. human wisdom and creation of solidified silicon chip, is the carrier of knowledge innovation, value of gold. This is typical of the "Midas touch". Change of social mode of production and way of life, not onlyBecome the basis for modern industry and science and technology, and is creating a representative silicon culture in the information age (siliconculture). Scientists believe humans following the stone, bronze and iron age later is now entering an era of silica. Strategic role of the integrated circuit industry to national economy first in contemporary food chain relations, development of modern economyAccording to that, growth in GDP per $ 100, take about 10 Yuan electronics production and support of $ 1-$ 3 IC output. According to United States Semiconductor Association (SIA) predicts that by 2012, the integrated circuit industry-wide sales will reach 1 trillion dollars, it will rely on electronic equipment 6 trillion to $ 8 trillion, $ 30 trillion of electronic information services andAbout US $ 50 trillion GDP. Microelectronics in 21st century economy is an information economy, current output value of information industry in developed countries had accounted for 40% per cent of the output of the national economy, national GDP growth 65% and IC-related. Therefore, seize the integrated circuits industry development, will be able to promote the rapid development of the national economy. The 90 's of the last century, United States economy maintained rapid development, thanks to the development of IT industry, and it is the basis of microelectronics technology. In fact, not only computer upgrades, and even home appliances replacement is based on advances in microelectronics technology. Electronic equipment, dismantling plant, its smart level is directly related to its high added value and competitiveness in the market, rely on integrated circuit chips"Wisdom" level and the extent of use. In the era of the information society, to the strength of information content and processing of information, determines the level of its added value, to determine its position in the international markets Division. If we do not develop integrated circuit industry, will make the IT industry can only remain at the Assembly level to earn is "hard money", in internationalWe will only be able to be on the lower end of the low-value. Micro-electro-industrial scale and level of science and technology for development has become an important symbol of international comprehensive strength. Almost all as long as traditional industries and micro-electronics technology, IC chip smart transformation, the traditional industry renewed youth. Such as computer-controlled CNC machine tools is no longer the traditionalMachine tools, and car electronics revolution of the auto industry
Diablo 3 power leveling, now state of the art modern cars, electronic equipment account for the total cost of 70%. Into the information society, integrated circuits become arms-formed units, electronic warfare, intelligence, weapons came into being. Precise positioning and navigation radar, weight range of strategic missiles, tactical precision-guided missiles, patrolAir missile shape recognition and matching., as well as all kinds of satellite payload and increase in life expectancy, and so on, the core technology is the microelectronics technology. At present, the application of IC in the machine, computer maximum, communication second, third is consumer electronics. IC is a kind of overshadowed all other industries, and other industries to the prosperity and development of technology, Its narrow design rule since 1959, more than 40 years as one of the original 140 minutes, while the average transistor price reduced to one out of 10,000. If the car is also in accordance with the speed of progress, so cars now just 1 cents. No wonder the Japanese believe control of VLSI technology, control the world. "The present situation of ChinaChina's integrated circuit industry started in 1965, after more than 30 years of development, has been formed including design, manufacture, packaging industry to development of industry structure. Chip production technology has reached 8-British, 0.25 micron-0.18-micron level. But overall, the weaker of our country's integrated circuits industry, sales in 1999 were only international marketShare 0.7%, 16% can only meet the domestic market demand. To improve the overall level of micro-electronics technology, we also need long-term arduous efforts. Micro-current major problems of Chinese microelectronics are: 1. lack of long term planning and high standards and sustainable development objectives of the measures and the establishment of micro-electro-industrial groups. 2. the mechanism does not fitMicroelectronics industry development requirements. Industrial investment single; investments and other policy-related decision-making is too slow, lagging development; seriously out of research and industry, and the serious shortage of investment in research and development. 3. the lack of a system of marketing strategy. By large foreign companies divide up the domestic market. For a large amount of strategic importance and a wide of central processing unit (CPU) andMemory key chip market, such as not paying enough attention to the determined and committed to independent research and development. Design development and chip out, not production. 4. the policy environment does not adapt to the modern development of microelectronics industry. Micro-enterprise fund a greater portion of the loans in China, coupled with too heavy a tax, making a heavy burden. 5. the field of microelectronicsSerious brain drain phenomenon, the lack of effective measures to attract and motivate talent. Recommendation: develop objective of accelerating the development of the Chinese microelectronics industry. Within 5 years: in multiple investment mode into a certain scale of industrial group, of which more than half of enterprises in China on technology, marketing and management has the right to lead. Organization and introduction of talents, devote major efforts to developing next-generation core production technology,Accumulation of independent intellectual property rights, China micro-chip manufacturing technology reached the international level only. Integrated circuit production by 2005 from the current output of the world around 0.6% to 2%. Through the efforts of about 10 years, master the key technology of integrated circuit design, production, improve self-sufficiency rate of market share at home and abroad and domestic market,World output increased from 2% to 4%, self-sufficiency rate is about 30%, defense industry and information security to meet the needs of integrated circuit; form a virtuous cycle of research and production system; industrial and scientific and technological level and the international level. In order to ensure the achievement of these objectives, it is recommended that the "15" during the following 9 steps: 1. set up a national micro-Management Committee: directly under the Central Government, empowerment and responsibility, the implementation of unified leadership, with the "two bombs and" spirit, organically developed by systems engineering research, development and production of a long-term development strategy, managing micro-electronics industry. 2. in order to achieve sustainable development, 0.18 micron Silicon integrated circuit independent research and development in production technology for the breakthrough,Step by step master core technologies. Building 3-5 more than 8 inches of silicon production line and the dominance of their technology, marketing and management. At the same time, were built in the years 5 in the multi mode (with the above "independent" under section 3-5 of) production lines, industrial clusters in initial formation. Multiple modes of construction industry group tilt, pilot, lending policies by the Government to attract and facilitateFunds with foreign, Hong Kong, Macao and encouraging guide collective and private sectors involved in the microelectronics industry, and other non-State-owned economic measures, such as combined. Such countries need to invest equity capital in 4.5-5 years US $ 750 million, interest $ 3.5 billion. 3. the basis for building integrated circuit design industry environment, preferential policies to attract investment, emphasis, live. The establishment of nationalModule design of intellectual property (IP) and in service, reuse mechanism. Organization breakthrough represented by the CPU and memory integrated circuits design of core technologies. 4. to speed construction of production line of a gallium arsenide devices and integrated circuits. Development of radio-frequency (RF) gallium arsenide integrated circuits is not needed in the field of very demanding micromachining technology, ChinaSituation, seize the opportunity to build a gallium arsenide civil circuit lines, to reverse the Chinese telecommunications market relying solely on imports of gallium arsenide chip situation. This line is about 400 million yuan of investment. 5. seizing the opportunities of microelectronics research and development of next-generation key equipment. States should organize to sufficient investment, selecting the right direction
TERA Gold, strengthen its cooperation with international, to target the availableIn 0.1-0.13-Micron lithography 193 nm excimer laser lithography equipment, focusing research on the key technology and practical. Both electron beam and x-ray lithography technology for next-generation lithography, and other key equipment, such as, special equipment for the occupation of the commanding heights of the microelectronic technology in the future technology of preparing. 6. the establishment of national level micro-Electronic research and Development Center. Focus countries of limited human and financial resources, the establishment of independent national microelectronics research and Development Center. Countries should have long-term investment plans, and to gradually attract large enterprises into capital. Have the advantage of colleges and universities and National Research Institute to better organize, forming a stable, effective research and development. The task of the Centre: combination of working closely with industry to developNext-generation core technology of microelectronics technology and high demand in the market for high-end products, transferred to the production line, and in the development of next-generation microelectronics process development of microelectronics in China on the basis of key equipment. At the same time, demand for the microelectronics industry in China after 10, new technology for developing next-generation system-on-chip circuits: a prospective, new devices and new structure, strategic research.The center position: supporting University and Institute of innovation research, and results will be verified, the integration and test, eventually developed into a source of independent intellectual property rights, and transferred to the industry, so as to achieve autonomous and sustainable development of the micro-electronics industry in China. One-time investment of the Centre takes about 5 billion yuan, invests 3~5 billion yuan in the future, the Centre should alsoPartial source of funding from the business and market. 7. the implementation of "micro-electronics talents cultivation and introduction of project", with the greatest intensity of microelectronics technology and management talent to attract foreign elite, especially successful abroad students; work out preferential policies, reversing the trend of micro-electronics talents outflow of a large number of; you should draw up plans in the near future, a lot of training a group of microelectronics process developmentApplication, design, and systems personnel. 8. industrial development is to a large extent depend on innovation mechanism and various preferential policies should be developed in line with modern enterprise financing mechanisms in the development of the microelectronics industry and makes the sound development of preferential tax and other policies. 9. from the engineering point of view, development of micro market development strategies (including the domestic market and international market occupation).From the policy, technical and organizational aspects of proposed and implemented several strategies: mind occupation of General chip market, special key projects by the national organization, from machine to design chips, build machine industry with the chip industry strategic alliance national non-tariff protection measures taken, and efforts to increase domestic chip market space. Speed up the development of the microelectronics industry has become imperativeEvent. Government continues to increase the input of funds, is critical at the moment is how to convert the mechanism, formulating market strategies and more preferential policies of the system, to attract capital and talent. Mobilize all positive factors, to develop an autonomous national microelectronics industry, and create a good investment environment to attract foreign investment in the micro-electronics industry in China, forming industry groups as soon as possible, whileIncrease input in scientific research and personnel training, formation is rooted in the Chinese microelectronics industry, sustainable development and scientific research system, seize the opportunity, meet the challenge. Believe that under the correct leadership of the central authorities, micro-micro-market in the world has a place in our country, lay the Foundation for China in the 21st century world power status.The other news around this topic :
