129831061767968750_1086Welfare State and welfare state is not the total social insurance, are not publicly funded medical care, family benefits or social assistance program. Welfare State, not even the same as social security or social policy, but they are added. Social security had previously appeared in the first world war, but no one will be the first implementation of the social insurance system of "blood Prime Minister" called the Bismarck "Prime Minister of welfare ". Hitler once in order to launch a war of aggression and when carrying out national socialism, of course, no one will think, that claim "people's State", but pursue the policy of genocide of the "Third Reich" is "welfare Empire". Most national Governments are implementing social policy, the difference in policy between miles, it cannot be said that the implementation of a social policyThe Government is "welfare Government", their countries were "welfare State". Concept of the welfare state is a State form, welfare is the morphological characteristics of this country, is used to define the State, to strengthen such national forms of the welfare state highlights the social function of the modern State, it is a concept in political science, social welfare is a sociological concept. WelfareItself is an economic concept. Economic conditions and basis of the environment is a national decision and social welfare is the result of national decision-making. Theoretical origins of modern welfare system originating from the United Kingdom of the Beveridge report. The Beveridge report on post-war United Kingdom welfare society construction has had a huge impact. This report advocates social welfare can be summed up as "3U" thinking: General principles (Universality), that is, to all citizens irrespective of their employment, should be covered to prevent social risks; unified principles (Unity), to establish welfare administration for everything; the principle of homogeneity (Uniformity) that each beneficiary in accordance with its needs, rather than income, access to finance�� Real promotion of origin in the 1930 of the 20th century, the economic crisis in which the world wars, but also the birth of a United Kingdom "people's budget" and United States "the new deal". War is built on the ruins of a new welfare system, is after pan called a "welfare State". Promotion of welfare State in the second half of 20th century into the spirit of the times and the basic system of Western European society.Since then, the idea of the welfare State were extended to other countries in Europe. One of the most typical are the Nordic countries, which they later even into Western-style welfare State "shop window". As the source of the welfare state of the United Kingdom, after financial difficulties encountered since the last century 70 's, started to reform and gradual cut-size, introduction of market factors. United Kingdom reforms to cut welfare system, isArising from their financial pressure since then, gradually swept the wave of reforms to cut welfare to almost all Western countries, including the United States. Since 1990 the Soviet, the Nordic countries are "reverse", implement the expansion of the welfare system reform. Foreign scholars, United Kingdom as the birthplace of the former welfare system, its welfare system is not the Beveridge modelInstead, the Nordic countries had inherited the United Kingdom model of "the mantle" as the Beveridge model mode. The welfare system of Western countries, the concept of social justice always contains a double meaning, complementary to each other: first, equality of opportunity, equality of that system, the second is national protection of transfer payments, redistributive role. Former stressed "the right to socialLee ", which stressed that" poverty reduction ". But in fact, completely "3U" standards to measure real Beveridge welfare model, that is, universal welfare model, in any country, including the United Kingdom and the Nordic countries have not fully realized. For example, in the United Kingdom, "nation-wide social security" never was actually implemented, its quite non-payment-payment is for certain targetGroups. Established in 1999, the "minimum income guarantees" requirement, if you deposit more than 8,000 pounds on lack of access to social security, which in 2001 standards increased to 12,000 pounds, in 2005 and up to 16,000 pounds. Even in the Nordic countries, many non-fee subsidies are also of means testing. Process of reform of the welfare system in the WestIt can be said that Western welfare system reform process, is in fact a constantly broken welfare benefits "big". This process, scholars, social security "commercialization" trend is expressed by the Nordic countries, was "paid" and "welfare to work" change with the United States, a "save the social security system"; Winner of the 2004 Nobel Prize in economics Prescott's words, is" keep time consistency ": fair in no way refers to the redistribution of wealth, is not a transfer of wealth, but to eliminate in the consumption process of economic policy" time inconsistency ", or else, if people know what someone will pay for their consumption, people do notGo to savings, and also does not work. Applicability of welfare society and compared to China's basic national conditions in China, from which you can derive several points: first, the per capita GDP in these countries has reached tens of thousands of dollars, these countries have experienced hundreds of years of capitalist accumulation and hundreds of years of colonial plundering, breaking the "welfare of the whole people" of "big" system only a fewFor ten years, only just crossed the threshold of us $ GDP1000 per person. Second, higher welfare may not be equal to the social harmony. For example, in recent years in France, social unrest and "young alarm" occurs almost every year
Diablo 3 gold, even attracted worldwide attention, and its welfare spending roughly neighbor Germany is not the same situation. So the welfare model is the choice of aVery important factor. Third, the two secondary distribution of the welfare system
wow cd-key, is a means to demonstrate social equity, however, problems cannot be resolved once distribution of all the welfare system. The key to building a harmonious society, is also a distribution, to build up a scientific, just a distribution system. Otherwise, the quadratic assignment action is too distorted the labour market of the General Assembly, have a negative incentive effects. SubsectionFour, although in recent years, China's financial revenue situation is gratifying, but from a dynamic point of view, China's economic growth cannot sustain such a high growth forever. When several years later when the economy enters a stable development of the State, will remain the world's economic growth was on average. Financially before any increase in the population of 1.3 billion, as long as the Division, inter alia, was apparently unable to go with developed countries "In line ". V, sustainability of fiscal revenue is also a problem.
Current sources of fiscal revenue structure in China, are not reasonable, not sustainable enough. Therefore, to the Western welfare system "in line" is not realistic. Any Western country's "national security", "universal health care", "the welfare of the people," and so on, are experiencing similar we have experiencedBreak the "big" of the reform process. Welfare has a rigid, it is a law. Reduced benefits would lead to social instability, which is a rule. The law has been or is being proved by the practice of the welfare States in the West. China's reform and opening up, break the "big", which quickly received the support of the entire society. This is because, eventually allow people to get the benefits of reform, to closeInto has been raised. Now, we face the problem of income distribution and social justice issues, first of all, there is a distribution system problems, while not exactly quadratic assignment or problems in the welfare system, and welfare system is a subsystem of the secondary distribution. Problems with distribution system, secondary distribution system should not be "continuous", "prescriptions" should not be to the WestWelfare system "in line". Of course, said abuses in the allocation system, does not in any way a secondary allocation will have no problems, but said that a distribution is key to solving the current problems. Summary of overall speaking, at this stage, China's goal of improving the welfare system should also be "reduced the storm" and "timely assistance" instead of "icing"; is the relief of the target group, not "3U "ideology and the pursuit of puxiang; focused welfare resources to those most in need and most poor people, rather than" Sprinkle sesame salt "; are equal before the system so that more social groups into the social security system of the threshold, and not from the transfer of tax for all. Current mission is, to establish a national conditions, welfare systems, choose a long-acting mechanismThe welfare system, and constantly improve the prototype has begun to welfare system.
Other relevant information in accordance with my understanding is called the welfare regime is more appropriate because the "welfare" is a concept of Government property. Welfare regime is a concept of the role of Government, the Government to actively promote economic development as its mission, public social responsibility of asylum
Diablo 3 power leveling, to correct theSocial injustice is the personal responsibility of the market economy.
Welfare regime is the antithesis of the "police state" (seek to accurately translate ETAT MINIMUM), "police state" will usually suppress freedom.
----Wikipedia that State intervention in social and economic spheres of the Government will actively aim to to ensure people's welfare. ---Larousse dictionary of welfare regimesA governing property, are not characteristics of capitalist nature of the national Government, socialist countries can also have welfare regime is characterized by respect for the fundamental rights of the people, in particular in such areas as health, education, medical care, insurance is particularly prominent. Typical of the welfare state: Kuwait, and Qatar, and Bahrain, and Switzerland, and Sweden, and Norway, and Singapore, and Iceland, and FinlandAnd the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, and Australia, and New Zealand and other countries.
The other news around this topic
:
留言列表
留言列表
